The European Commission decided to send an additional letter of formal notice to Germany (INFR(2019)2159) for incorrectly transposing EU rules on the single European railway area. The single European railway area is an EU-wide system of rail networks to allow the expansion of the rail sector based on competition, technical harmonisation and joint development of cross-border connections. Part of it is given effect by Directive 2012/34/EU, which covers notably competition issues, regulatory oversight and for fair and non-discriminatory access to rail infrastructure and rail related services. Germany has failed to correctly transpose some of the Directive’s provisions, which is why the Commission had sent a first letter of formal notice to Germany on 10 October 2019. While Germany has addressed some of the shortcomings raised in the initial letter of formal notice, the Commission’s assessment of legislation newly notified by Germany has raised additional concerns. Germany has two months to reply to the arguments raised by the Commission. In the absence of a satisfactory response, the Commission may decide to send a reasoned opinion.